Persuasive & Discursive Writing
Structuring an argument, using rhetorical techniques, and presenting a balanced or one-sided viewpoint.
What is Persuasive & Discursive Writing?
Persuasive writing tries to convince the reader to agree with your viewpoint. Discursive writing presents both sides of an argument in a balanced way. Both require clear structure and strong reasoning.
The AFOREST acronym helps you remember the key persuasive techniques: Alliteration, Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical questions, Emotive language, Statistics, Three (rule of three).
Step-by-Step Method
Decide your viewpoint
For persuasive writing, choose a clear side. For discursive, present both sides fairly.
Plan your structure
Introduction (state your position), 2-3 main points (each in its own paragraph), conclusion (summarise and restate).
Use AFOREST techniques
Include rhetorical questions, emotive language, facts/statistics, and the rule of three to strengthen your argument.
Address the other side
Even in persuasive writing, briefly mention the opposing view and explain why your view is stronger.
End with a strong conclusion
Summarise your key points and make a final, powerful statement.
Worked Examples
Use a rhetorical question in a paragraph about reducing plastic.
Working
- A rhetorical question does not expect an answer – it makes the reader think.
Use the rule of three to argue for more school sports.
Working
- List three benefits in a rhythmic way.
Plan a persuasive piece about whether homework should be banned.
Working
- Introduction: state your position.
- Point 1: homework causes stress.
- Point 2: children need free time.
- Point 3: counter-argument – some say it reinforces learning, but revision before tests is more effective.
- Conclusion: restate your view strongly.
Common Mistakes
Not using paragraphs, writing the whole argument as one block of text.
Use a new paragraph for each new point. This makes your argument clear and easy to follow.
Forgetting a conclusion – just stopping after the last point.
Always write a conclusion that summarises your argument and makes a final statement.
Being too aggressive or rude in tone.
Persuasive writing should be confident and passionate, but always respectful and reasonable.
Not giving reasons to support your opinions.
Every opinion must be backed up with a reason, example, fact or statistic.
Top Tips
- AFOREST: Alliteration, Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical questions, Emotive language, Statistics, Three (rule of three).
- Start with your strongest point to grab the reader’s attention.
- Use connectives to link paragraphs: Furthermore, Moreover, However, On the other hand, In addition.
- For discursive writing, present both sides equally before giving your own view in the conclusion.
Ready to practise?
Put these techniques into action with our free practice papers.
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